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Lessons

  1. Lesson 1: Explaining Disease Origins and Causation

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    The first lesson provides an opportunity to compare attempts to understand and explain past outbreaks of disease in Western Europe with early American responses to AIDS.Close

  2. Lesson 2: U.S. Groups, Individuals, and Behaviors

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    The second lesson examines how particular groups, individuals, and behaviors have been targeted in past responses to plague, syphilis, cholera, polio, tuberculosis, and typhoid fever.Close

  3. Lesson 3: AIDS and Infectious Disease Epidemiology

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    The third lesson explores the early work of American epidemiologists who investigated the newly recognized syndrome. The lesson pays particular attention to the Los Angeles cluster study which, in its attempt to provide evidence to support the idea that AIDS was caused by a sexually transmissible agent, introduced the term “patient 0.”Close

  4. Lesson 4: And the Band Played On: Randy Shilts’s History of the American AIDS Epidemic

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    This lesson focuses on the writing, promotion, and responses to the best-selling history of the American epidemic written by a gay San Francisco journalist, a good deal of which focused on his identification, characterization, and rechristening of the individual at the center of the CDC’s cluster study as “Patient Zero.”Close

  5. Lesson 5: Responses to “Patient Zero”

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    The fifth lesson investigates the widely diverging responses to Shilts’s characterization of Gaétan Dugas as “Patient Zero.”Close

  6. Lesson 6: New Patient Zeroes

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    The last lesson evaluates the idea’s legacy for the investigation of subsequent epidemics and its potential to obscure important determinants of health and sickness.Close

  7. About the Author

Introduction

Author
Richard A. McKay is a Wellcome Trust Research Fellow in the Department of History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Cambridge. He completed his MS in the History of Science, Medicine, and Technology in 2006 at the University of Oxford, and received his PhD in History in 2011, also from Oxford. His research interests include the histories of sexuality, sexually transmitted infections, and public health. Dr. McKay’s published works include “Sex and Skin Cancer” (2013) which focuses on the shifting cultural meanings associated with Kaposi’s sarcoma during the early years of the AIDS epidemic in North America. He is the author of the article “Patient Zero” (2014) featured in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine which explores the historical and patient perspective of Gaétan Dugas, the man named as “patient 0.” His provisionally entitled book, Patient Zero: Public Health, the Media, and the Making of the North American AIDS Epidemic examines the epidemiological context in which the term “patient 0” was coined. It charts how different social groups in Canada and the United States deployed the idea of “patient 0” for a variety of purposes, and contextualizes Gaétan Dugas’s experience with AIDS, aiming to provide a more historically sensitive understanding of this often-demonized patient.

Suggested Use
Patient Zero and the Early North American HIV/AIDS Epidemic is a class resource that blends the histories of medicine, public health, and sexuality in an exploration of a particular set of social, cultural, and medical responses to the emergence of the human immunodeficiency virus in North America in the 1980s. These coalesced around the idea that AIDS in North America could be traced to a single, identifiable individual.

Designed to complement general survey courses in the history of public health and history of medicine, the resource can also be used to enrich courses in sexuality studies, cultural studies, and a variety of social science programs.