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Materials and Methods: Test Protocol
The initial component of this research consisted of
a group of twenty-eight (28) students, who were divided into two groups:
Group A: 15, Group B: 13. Both groups were given a Pretest
(Fig.1), Study Period
(Fig.2 and
Fig.3), and a singular Posttest
(Fig.4). Both images
presented for study were identical cross sections of the brain. The
Group A image for study was labeled in accordance with PSLM protocol.
The Group B image for study was randomly labeled. Both groups were instructed
to “list and recognize the parts/layers of a transverse brain section,
form superficial to deep” by writing their answers in spaces provided as
the only posttest in this preliminary study.
All images utilized in this research study were acquired from Visible
Human Project online repositories, sponsored by the National Library of
Medicine.
The second portion of this research study is outlined below. Some
testing modifications were made in an effort to further evaluate the student’s
comprehension of the relationship of adjacent anatomical structures.
Group A consisted of twenty-one (21) students. Group B consisted
of twenty (20) students.
A. Pretest
Students were divided into two sections.
Group A and Group B took the same pretest. The test served to evaluate
the extent of the test subject’s preexisting knowledge on the topic presented.
B. Study Period
1. Group A was issued a sequenced labeled section
of the brain for study.
2. Group B used a randomly labeled section of the
brain for study.
3. Both groups were allotted 20 minutes for study.
4. The objective for both Group A and Group B was
the same.
C. Posttest I
1. Group A and Group B were given two identical posttests.
2. The two tests included:
a. One test consisted of labeling anatomical structures as indicated
by guidelines. (Fig.4)
b. Multiple choice posttest on relationships of the brain’s anatomical
features. (Fig.5)
D. Study Period II, for Group B only
1. Group B was issued a sequenced, labeled section of the brain for
study. This study image is a duplicate of the section issued to Group A.
(Fig.6)
2. The objective was the same as in study period I.
E. Posttests II for Group B
1. The two tests included:
a. One test consisted of labeling anatomical structures as indicated
by guidelines. (Fig.4)
b. Multiple choice posttest on relationships of the brain’s anatomical
features. (Fig.5)
F. Participant Questionnaire (Fig.7)
1. Both Groups took part in the participant questionnaire subsequent
to the posttests.
2. Questionnaire was provided to render data in evaluating the student’s
learning preference with regards to anatomical labeling methods.
All tests were taken by students who were enrolled in a sectional anatomy
course in the early part of the semester, prior to classroom study on the
images pertaining to the research. Introductions to the study of
sectional anatomy and a review of anatomical directional terms were completed
prior to any tests. The research study was conducted during student’s
normal class time.
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