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Embryology

An illustration of five examples of conjoined twins showing the variation of connected germ segments.

Early Development of Embryos

Classification

An illustration of two infants joined at the top of their heads.

Craniopagus: Joined at the Cranium

A simple woodcut illustration of two young children closely joined, facing each other.

A Fifteenth-Century Woodcut

A woodcut of two naked men joined by a small connected area at the base of the ribcage.

Omphalopagus: Joined in the Abdomen

A black and white photograph of an adult holding the newborn twins on a table.

Clara and Alta Rodriguez, 1973

A detailed woodcut of two clothed women joined at the base of the spine, facing away from each other.

Pygopagus: Joined at the Sacrum

Age of Superstition

A simple woodcut illustration of two young children closely joined, facing each other.

A Fifteenth-Century Woodcut

An illustration of two unclothed women with long hair joined all along their back.

A Sixteenth-Century Woodcut

An illustration of two different sets of twin children joined at the pelvis.

A Seventeenth-Century Engraving

A rough illustration of two figures with long hair joined all along their back.

A Seventeenth-Century Illustration

Marvels on Exhibit

Two well-dressed young men, joined at the abdomen by an exposed band of tissue, stand together on a stage beside a chess board; the man on the left holds a badminton racquet.

The Siamese Twins, 1830

An advertisement with an engraving of the well-dressed twins set against a tropical background with a tent.

For a Short Time, 1832

A detailed and embellished illustration of the twins as older men surrounded by images of their life and family.

"Chang" and "Eng", 1860

A woodcut of two naked men joined by a small connected area at the base of the ribcage.

Omphalopagus: Joined in the Abdomen

Nineteenth century illustration of Chang and Eng Bunker’s livers and shared hepatic vessels, showing how an injection into Chang passed into Eng.

Diagram of the Livers, 1897

Nineteenth century illustration detailing the peritoneal and hepatic pouches and ensiform cartilages in the connecting band of Chang and Eng Bunker.

Autopsy Diagram, 1897

Title page from a pamphlet published in Buffalo by Warren, Johnson, & Co., in 1869.

Two-Headed Girl, 1869

A detailed woodcut of two clothed women joined at the base of the spine, facing away from each other.

Pygopagus: Joined at the Sacrum

A detailed woodcut of two clothed women joined at the base of the spine, facing away from each other.

Millie-Christine McCoy, 1889

Separation Surgeries

A black and white photograph of an adult holding the newborn twins on a table.

Clara and Alta Rodriguez, 1973

A black and white photograph of a man in a lab coat standing at a white board.

Koop Planning the Surgery, 1974

A handwritten chart with diagrams and annotations was part of the planning for the surgery.

Operation Planning Chart, 1974

A black and white photograph of Koop in a lab coat by the twins lying under blankets.

Koop and the Twins, 1974

A photograph of the separated twins in intensive care, one awake looking at the other asleep.

After the Operation, 1974

A black and white photograph of Koop in a suit holding the separated twins in street clothes.

Leaving the Hospital, 1974

A photograph of the young twins standing together leaning on a coffee table outdoors.

The Twins at Home, 1975

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