Due to the selected segmentation technique we experienced two recurring problems during organ definition, which needed to be solved;
Esophagus, Stomach, and Duodenum
There were no noteworthy variations
or abnormalities. The Esophagus goes through the diaphragm for a total
of 3.7 cm. The resulting pars abdominalis measures 2.3 cm. The stomach
which looks flat and elongated is according to a cranio-caudal measurement
24.5 cm long, with an estimated volume of about 1000 cm3. The
walls of the stomach have an average thickness of 3 mm, in the pyloric
region the thickness increases to 7 mm. The duodenum is estimated to be
23.5 cm with good replications of the pars superior, descendens, horizontalis
and ascendens.
Jejunum and Ileum
There were no noteworthy variations or abnormalities.
We estimated this organ to be approximately 9.5 m long. The length, which
was on the upper limits (normal 4-10 meters), could be attributed to the
postmortal tonus lost of the intestinal walls. We identified 25 coils.
The small intestines, to the right of the spine, were very compact and
were pushed to the left side of the cecum. As we expected, the ventral
intestinal tract was clearly more bloated than the dorsal tract. This was
the result of gas collecting in a cadaver lying down. The valvula ileocoecalis
ran into the cecum at a right angle. This occurs in 55% of the cases, according
to our literature references. Meckel's diverticulum could not be detected.
Colon
The cecum was enlarged due to stool. The colon transversum
ran steeply down from the flexura coli dextra and into the pelvis minor
( Figure 3 ).
It took a sharp turn and continued up to the flexura coli sinistra. At
the colon descendens and the sigma around 30 diverticula were present (
Figure 4 ). No abscesses were found around
these diverticula.
Liver, Gallbladder, and Ductus cysticus
There were no noteworthy
variations or abnormalities. The division of the cadaver into different
blocks was quite apparent here. The missing slices could not be segmented.
The volume of the liver which was about 2300 cm3 seems to be
enlarged, as it would correspond to a body weight of 123-130 kg. The liver
carried the impressions of the neighboring organs. As expected, the gallbladder
was located in the fossa vesicae felleae, and it did not exceed the caudal
edge of the liver. It appeared to be more flabby than firm. The ductus
cysticus melted with the d. hepaticus into the d. choledochus. It continued
and expanded into the ampulla hepatopancreatica and ran into the duodenum.
The segmentation results are illustrated on Figure
5 .
Pancreas, Spleen
There were no major macroscopic abnormalities.
We experienced difficulties in establishing the correct borders for the
pancreas and its surroundings. The s-shaped pancreas leaned toward the
spleen without making actual contact to it. The ductus choledochus ran
into a canal along the rear wall. It was connected to pancreas tissue and
joined the approximately 18 cm long ductus pancreaticus major to the ampulla
hepatopancreatica which joined the duodenum at the papilla duodeni major.
In addition, a ductus pancreaticus accessorius could be segmented. This
was situated near the ampulla hepatopancreatica. There were no abnormalities
found in the spleen, no double or accessory spleen.
Omentum majus
The main problem was establishing borders between
this fold and the neighboring fatty tissue. The omentum majus of the Visible
Woman was very distinct, fatty and had a volume of approximately 625 cm3.
It extended into the lower pelvis and covered all of the intestines. It
expanded cranially over the lower edge of the liver, the stomach and the
spleen. There was also a hole, approximately 15 cm3 and situated
directly ventral of the flexura coli dextra (
Figure 6 ). In order to maintain the continuity
of this organ, the hole was segmented as a peritoneal duplicate.
Kidneys, Urinary Tract, and Vagina
All of the organs in this
group could be segmented ( Figure 7 ).
Aside from a few minor variations, these anatomically and topographically
inconspicuous organs exhibited no signs of pathologies. Five simple, subcapular
cysts with diameters varying from 3-6 mm were found in the left kidney.
A single cyst with 5 mm diameter was found in the right kidney. Both Aa.
renales gave off a high polartery which entered the renal hilus from the
cranial side. The bladder was pushed in at its facies anterior by a 9 mm
long section of bone dorsal, cranial and medial. It ran from the ramus
superior ossis pubis down the left side. Caudal to the vagina, a muscular
mass was found. It pushed the vaginal lumen dorsal. This structure is most
probably the columna rugarum posterior and a section of the m. transversus
perinei profundus.
Arteries and Veins of the Pelvis minor
The effects of arteriolosclerosis
were clearly seen. The following anatomical variations have been detected: